(2013), "Global survey of star clusters in the Milky Way. Four of these sites have formed H II regions. Several embedded star-forming regions have been identified from infrared and radio emissions. In the visible part of the spectrum, it emits mainly in red (from hydrogen atoms) and blue (from oxygen atoms). The nebula is a high mass filamentary cloud structure spanning ~320 ly. The nebula is located in the Carina–Sagittarius Arm of the Milky Way, at a distance of approximately 5.5 kilolight-years from the Sun. NGC 6334 was discovered by astronomer John Herschel in 1837, who observed it from the Cape of Good Hope in South Africa. NGC 6334, colloquially known as the Cat's Paw Nebula, Bear Claw Nebula, or Gum 64, is an emission nebula and star-forming region located in the constellation Scorpius. Green areas showing regions where radiation from hot stars collided with large molecules and small dust grains called " polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons" (PAHs), causing them to fluoresce The results demonstrate the ability of the polysynaptic projections from the cortico-motoneuronal system to organize differentiated distal limb movements, including individuated movements of the digits.Infrared image of the Cat's Paw Nebula. During the preshaping phase, the kinematics resembled in some aspects the situation in humans. The cat distal forelimb displays a refined movement repertoire during the preshaping and grasping phase of food-taking. Digits 3, 4 established object contact, digits 2, 5 were mainly used to stabilize the paw onto the surface. Furthermore, the different phalanges served different purposes during the grasp. Correlation analysis of the angular position of the joints between the different phalanges showed that digits 3 and 4 acted in concert, as did digits 2 and 5, but with clear independence between the different pairs. The X-ray analysis gave evidence for individuated digit movements. Grasping was achieved by flexion of first the PIP and later the MCP. The grip aperture started to decrease before object contact, earlier in the TT, later in the HT. In the HT, predominant extension of the MCP, predominant extension of the PIP, or a combination of both were used, followed by MCP flexion and PIP flexion. In the TT, preshaping involved an MCP extension and a PIP flexion. Each cat used a stable strategy, but different cats used different strategies. This 'preshaping' consisted of combined angular changes in the MCP and PIP joints, thereby attaining an adequate grip aperture. While approaching the target, the digits were first extended and subsequently abducted. In five animals, the changes in configuration and the conjoint actions of the wrist, the metacarpophalangeal (MCP) and proximal interphalangeal (PIP) joints were assessed with three-dimensional X-ray cinematography (time resolution 20 ms, spatial resolution 1 mm) and video analysis. The behaviour was investigated with two tests: either the table test (TT, food offered on a table located at ground level in a reaching distance of 22 and 28 cm) or the horizontal test (HT, food offered in a small container located at shoulder level, height 18-25 cm, reaching distance 6-12 cm). The kinematics of the cat distal forelimb during food-taking were analysed to obtain information on the movement processes within the paw before and during object taking in a species without monosynaptic corticomotoneuronal projections.
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |
AuthorWrite something about yourself. No need to be fancy, just an overview. ArchivesCategories |